Basic parts of a computer

To appreciate complex computer processes, you first have to understand the basics of the computer–its parts and the functions of each part. Let’s have a quick review of the parts of the computer to refresh your memory.

1. System unit - the core of a computer system. It is usually a rectangular box placed on or underneath the desk. Inside this box are many electronic components that process information.

* Central processing Unit (CPU) – a microprocessor that acts as the brain of the computer and tells the computer to perform certain instructions
* Random Access Memory (RAM) – a computer memory that temporarily stores information that the CPU uses while the computer is on
* Graphics Card - translates all the bits and bytes into a visual representation to the screen. Some kinds of graphic cards are included on all computers, whether it is an integrated card that lets you do the basics or a dedicated card made for gaming.

2. Storage Devices – for storing electronic data and files

* Hard disk drive - can hold massive amounts of information, and usually serves as the computer’s primary means of storage, holding almost all programs and files. This is usually located inside the system unit.
* CD and DVD drives - usually located on the front of the system unit, these drives use lasers to read or write data to and from a CD/DVD.
* USB port and USB devices - before, students used the floppy disk drive, located near the CD reader, to put in their floppy disks. However, as these store a minimum amount of information only, USB devices—which can store up to 20 gigabytes—are now being widely used.

3. Input Devices – devices used to enter information/data into the computer

* Mouse - a small device used to point to and select items on a computer screen. A mouse usually has two buttons: a primary button (usually the left button) and a secondary button (right button). Many mouse units have a wheel between the two buttons, which allows smooth vertical scrolling within a page. Click here for information on using a mouse.
* Keyboard - A keyboard is used mainly for inputting text or numbers into the computer. Aside from letters and numbers, a keyboard also has special keys such as the following:
o Function keys - found on the top row, performing different functions.
o Numeric keypad - located on the right side of most keyboards that allows you to enter numbers quickly.
o Navigation keys – allow you to navigate within a document or a webpage. These are the arrow keys, and the ‘page up’, ‘page down’, ‘home’, and ‘end’ buttons.

4. Output devices – devices connected to the computer to generate/show output

* Monitor – the screen displays information in visual form, using text and graphics. Similar to a television screen, it can show still or moving pictures.
o Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) - generally more affordable
o Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) - lighter and thinner than CRT monitors
* Printer - transfers data from a computer onto paper. Printers can either be inkjet printers or laser printers.
* Speakers - play sounds such as music and sound effects. They may be built in to the system unit or connected externally through cables.

5. Modem – device used to connect the computer to the Internet. It sends and receives computer information over a telephone line or a high-speed cable. Modems are sometimes built into the system unit, but higher-speed modems are usually separate components.

Sources:

“Parts of a computer.” Retrieved July 10, 2010 from
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/Parts-of-a-computer
Thompson, Gregory.
“Four Basic Parts of a Computer.” Retrieved July 10, 2010 from
http://www.ehow.com/facts_5407429_four-basic-parts-computer.html