-->
Nothing is more powerful for your future than being a gatherer of good ideas and information. That's called doing your homework.

Ethnic Instruments - Philippines



Bansiq
   Bansiq
          Aerophone

Bansiq

Group: Hanunoo

bansiq

bansiq

Photographs copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Aerophone, chip-on-ledge flute:

Description

Slightly curved bamboo tube, closed on one side by a node and cut off under an angle. On the cut off surface an extra piece of banboo is tied. One finger hole on the side with the chip is visible; on the other side are three more finger holes.

Dimensions: length: 31,5 cm., diameter: 1,5 cm.

Remarks

Ethnic group: Hanunoo
Location: Mindoro

bansiqbansiq

Similar instrument is played by:
- Negrito, Zambales, Luzon; bulungudyung


   source: www.kipas.nl
Diw-diwas
   Diw-diwas
          Aerophone

Diw-diwas

-Hinihipan ng manunugtog ang mga butas nito nang hindi sumasayad ang mga labi niya sa mga butas
-Ito ay binubuo ng limang maninipis nakawayan
Diwdiwas(960 × 632)diwdiwas
Pasiyok
   Pasiyok
          Aerophone

Pasiyok

Pasiyok(960 × 632)
-Pinupuno ng tubig ang katawan nito at hinihipan ang isang maliit nabutas sa dulo ng tubo.
-Ito ay yari sa kawayan at ito ay isang uri ng water whistle.
Courting flute
   Courting flute
          Aerophone

Courting flute

Local name : unknown
Group: Bontoc

courting flute

courting flute
Photographs, copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Aerophone, vertical flute

Description

Short bamboo tube, cut off on the node and closed with a piece of wood, lower part of the hole cut off in the node, with a hole in the center.

Dimensions: length: 14,7 cm., dimater: 1,6 cm.

Remarks

Ethnic group: Bontoc, Ifugao
Location: North Luzon (Cordillera)

courting flutecourting flute

Similar instruments are played by neighbouring tribes such as the Ifugao.

courting flute
Ifugao man playing the courting flute (Banaue)
Photograph copyright F. de Jager

courting flutecourting flute


   source: www.kipas.nl
Kalleleng
   Kalleleng
          Aerophone


Kalleleng

Group: Bontoc

Nose flutes

Nose flutes


Nose flutes

Nose flutes

The end of the tubes with the blowing hole burnt in the node.
On the right: the Tongali from the Kalingga
Photographs copyright: F. de Jager

Nose flutes

Nose flutes
Nose flute, ethnic group unknown, probably Bontoc,
viewed from both sides

Classification

Aerophone, vertical flute, nose flute

Description

Long bamboo tubes, closed at one end by the node in which the blowing hole is burnt. The flute has three finger holes. The blowing hole is placed under an angle against the nose and the player gently blows into the tube.

Dimensions (from top to bottom):
- flute 1: length: 71 cm., diameter: 2 cm.
- flute 2: length: 51,5 cm., diameter: 2 cm.

Nose flutes
The kalleleng is held against the nostril;
the other nostril is plugged
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager
Courtesy Philippine Council for Living Traditions

Remarks

Ethnic group: Bontoc
Location: North Luzon (Cordillera)

Nose flutesNose flutes

Similar instruments are played by:
- Kalingga, North Luzon, Cordillera;tongali
- Kankanay, North Luzon, Cordillera
- Negrito, Tayabas, Camarines, Luzon
- Tagbanua, Palawan; beberek


   source: www.kipas.nl
Lantuy
   Lantuy
          Aerophone

Lantuy

Group: Hanunoo

horizontal flute
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Aerophone, horizontal flute

Description

Bamboo tube, closed at one end by a node (on the right on the picture).

Dimensions; length: 31,5 cm., diameter: 1,5 cm.

Remarks

Ethnic group: Hanunoo
Location: Mindoro

horizontal flutehorizontal flute

Similar instruments are played by:
- Tagbanua, Palawan
- Bukid, Mindoro; lipanu


   source: www.kipas.nl
Palandag
   Palandag
          Aerophone

Palandag

Group: Bagobo

lip valley flute

lip valley flute
Views from both sides
Photographs copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Aerophone, lip valley flute (notch flute)

Description

Two by two fingerholes. Protruding mouthpiece with a hole. The instrument is decorated with carvings blackened by burning. For playing technique: see Pulalu

Dimensions: length: 18,6 cm, diameter 1,2 cm.

Remarks

Ethnic group: Bagobo
Location: SE Mindanao

lip valley flutelip valley flute

Similar instruments are played by:
- Maguindanao, Central-west Mindanao (muslim south); palendag
- Maranao, Central-west Mindanao (muslim south)
- Tiruray, SW Mindanao
- Manobo Bukidnon, East Mindanao
- Manobo Agusan, East Mindanao
- Mansaka, SE Mindanao; Pulalu
- Kalingga, North Luzon; Paldong


   source: www.kipas.nl
Paldong
   Paldong
          Aerophone


Paldong

Group: Kalingga

bamboo pipe

Front view

bamboo pipe

The mouthpiece, the one on the left is the Paldong
Photographs copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Aerophone, lip valley flute (notch flute)

Description

Open bamboo pipe, top end cut at an angle (see pictures). Three by one fingerholes. For playing technique: see Pulalu

Dimensions: length: 69,2 cm, diameter 1,6 cm.

Remarks

Ethnic group: Kalingga
Location: North Luzon (Cordillera)

bamboo pipebamboo pipe

Similar instruments are played by:
- Maguindanao, Central-west Mindanao (muslim south); palendag
- Maranao, Central-west Mindanao (muslim south)
- Tiruray, SW Mindanao
- Manobo Bukidnon, East Mindanao
- Manobo Agusan, East Mindanao
- Mansaka, SE Mindanao; Pulalu
- Bagobo, SE Mindanao; Palandag

   source: www.kipas.nl
Pulalu
   Pulalu
          Aerophone

Pulalu

Group: Mansaka

Lip valley flute

Front view

Lip valley flute

The mouthpiece, the one on the right is the Pulalu

Lip valley flute

The mouthpiece of the Pulalu is pressed againt the lower lip;
the flute is blown like a pan pipe (Mansaka)
Photographs copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Lip valley flute (notch flute), aerophone

Description

Open bamboo pipe, top end cut at an angle (see pictures). Two by two fingerholes.

Dimensions: length: 48,7 cm, diameter 1,4 cm.

Remarks

Ethnic group: Mansaka
Location: SE Mindanao

Lip valley fluteLip valley flute

- Maguinadanao, Central-west Mindanao (muslim south); palendag
- Maranao, Central-west Mindanao (muslim south);
- Tiruray, SW Mindanao
- Manobo, Bukidnon (East Mindano)
- Manobo, Agusan (East Mindanao)
- Bagobo, SE Mindanao; Palandag
- Kalingga, North Luzon; Paldong


   source: www.kipas.nl
Sahunay
   Sahunay
          Aerophone

Sahunay

Group: Taosug

aerophone

aerophone

The piece of bamboo with the cut out reed was lost during storage
in the depots of the museum. The reed's blade is on the lower side.
Photographs copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Pipe with reed (clarinet): aerophone

Description

Tube with six fingerholes; mouth piece of bamboo with cut out reed; mouth shield made of coconut shell; bell made of leaf (probably bamboo) and blue plastic ribbon.

Dimensions:
Total length: 28,4 cm. diam. tube with fingerholes: 0,65 cm. widest diam bell: 3,7 cm.

Remarks

Ethnic group: Taosug
Location: Sulu archipelago (muslim south)

aerophoneaerophone

Similar instruments are played by:
- Kalingga, North Luzon; Patottot


   source: www.kipas.nl
Tongali
   Tongali
          Aerophone

Tongali

Group: Kalingga

nose flute
Noseflute

nose flute

The end of the tubes with the blowing hole burnt in the node.
In the middle and on the left are Kalleleng from the Bontoc.
Photographs copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Aerophone, vertital flute. nose flute

Description

Long bamboo tubes, closed at one end by the node in which the blowing hole is burnt. The flute has three finger holes. The blowing hole is placed under an angle against the nose and the player gently blows into the tube.

Dimensions: length: 57,5 cm., diameter 2 cm.

nose flute
The tongali is held against the nostril; the other nostril is plugged
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager - Courtesy Philippine Council for Living Traditions

Remarks

Ethnic group: Kalingga
Location: North Luzon (Cordillera)

nose flutenose flute

Similar instruments are played by:
- Bontoc, North Luzon (Cordillera); kalleleng
- Kankanay, North Luzon (Cordillera)
- Negrito, Tayabas, Camarines, Luzon
- Tagbanua, Palawan; beberek


   source: www.kipas.nl
Pas-ing
   Pas-ing
          Chordophone

Pas-ing


-gamit ng mga Igorot

-Ito ay pinapatugtog sa pamamagitan ng pagkalabit ng mga daliri sa mga kwerdas nito-Ito ay yari sa kawayan at ito ay may dalawang kwerdas na yari sa kawayan.



Reference:
Jose Maceda, 1998.  Gongs & Bamboo:  A Panorama of Philippine Music Instruments.  Quezon City:  University of the Philippines Press.
Aduwagay
   Aduwagay
          Chordophone

Aduwagay

Group: B'laan

Chordophone

Aduwagay

Chordophone

Bow for adywagay
Photographs copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Chordophone, spike fiddle

Description

Follows...

Remarks

Ethnic group: B'laan (near T'boli)
Location: SE Mindanao (christian / animist part)

ChordophoneChordophone

Similar instruments are played by:
- T'boli, SE Mindanao


   source: www.kipas.nl
Kolitong
   Kolitong
          Chordophone

Kolitong

Group: Kalingga

chordophone idiochord tube zither
Kolitong

chordophone idiochord tube zither
The strings are cut loose from the skin and lifted by wooden bridges

chordophone idiochord tube zither
The star shaped opening in the node
Photographs copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Chordophone, idiochord tube zither

Description

Bamboo tube, closed at both end by a node. In both nodes a star shaped opening is cut. Five strings are cut loose from the skin, and lifted and tuned with small pieces of wood. The tube is cracked and slightly opened to improve resonance.

Dimensions: length: 80 cm. diameter: 11,5 cm.

Remarks

Ethnic group: Kalingga
Location: North Luzon, Cordillera

chordophone idiochord tube zitherchordophone idiochord tube zither

Similar instruments are played by:
- T'boli, SE Mindanao; sludoy
- B'laan, SE Mindanao; salurai, sludai
- Manobo, Agusan, Mindanao; Tanko
- Manobo, Bukidnon, Mindanao;
- Tiruray, West Mindanao; togo
- Negrito, Luzon
- Hanunoo, Mindoro
-
Ilongot, North Luzon;kolesing
- Ibaloi, North Luzon, kaltsang (half tube)

chordophone idiochord tube zither
The Ibaloi play a bamboo half tube cither, the kaltsang
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager - Courtesy Philippine Council for Living Traditions

chordophone idiochord tube zitherchordophone idiochord tube zither


   source: www.kipas.nl
Kudlung
   Kudlung
          Chordophone

Kudlung

Group: Bagobo

Chordophone two stringed boat lute

Kudlung

Chordophone two stringed boat lute

The head, adorned with horse hair

Chordophone two stringed boat lute

The body, carved with geometric patterns, the glued on frets and the strap

Chordophone two stringed boat lute

The tail with the two (originally three) piece sof carabao skin
Photographs copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Chordophone, two stringed boat lute

Description

Two stringed lute made of wood, one string for the melody, one for the drone. Eight frets are glued on the neck of the lute. The body of the instrument is carved with geometric patterns. The neck and the head are adorned with horse hair; the tail has two (originally three) pieces of carabao skin; the strap is adorned with bead work.

Dimensions: length: 98 cm., width: 8,5 cm., height: 5,5 cm.

Remarks

Ethnic group: Bagobo
Location: SE Mindanao

Chordophone two stringed boat luteChordophone two stringed boat lute

Similar instruments are played by:
- B'laan, SE Mindanao;, kudlung
- Manobo, Mindanao, kudlung
- Mansaka, SE Mindanao; kudlung
- T'boli, SE Mindanao;hegelung
- Maranao, West Central Mindanao (muslim south), kudyapi
- Tagbanua, Palawan, kudyapi


   source: www.kipas.nl
Kudyapi
   Kudyapi
          Chordophone

Kudyapi

Group: Maranao

Kudyapi

Sideview

Kudyapi

The head, decorated with floral motives, 'okiran'

Kudyapi

The tail, decorated with the 'crocodile' motive

Kudyapi

The bridge, made of wood and carabao horn
Photographs copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Chordophone, two stringed boat lute

Description

Two stringed lute made of wood, one string for the melody, one for the drone. Eight frets originally held in place placed on the neck of the lute by a sticky rubbery substance, propolis, produced by honey bees to repair damages and openings in the hive. The lute is decorated with floral motives; the tail is carved to represent a stylised crocodile head.

Dimensions: length: 152 cm., width: 11,5 cm.

Remarks

Ethnic group: Marano
Location: West Central Mindanao (muslim south)

KudyapiKudyapi

Similar instruments are played by:
- Bagobo, SE Mindanao; kudlung
- B'laan, SE Mindanao; kudlung
- Manobo, Mindanao; kudlung
- Mansaka, SE Mindanao; kudlung
- T'boli, SE Mindanao; hegelung
- Tagbanua, Palawan, kudyapi


   source: www.kipas.nl
Serongagandi
   Serongagandi
          Chordophone

Serongagandi

Group: Maranao

cither chordophone
Top view


cither chordophone
Back view


cither chordophone

The bridge is placed over a hole
Photographs copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Cither: chordophone

Description

Decorated bamboo tube, closed by a node at both ends. Two strings cut free and lifted by bamboo sticks and connected by a wooden bridge (or 'platform'). The bridge is situated over a hole which makes the tube a resonator.

Length: 41 cm. diameter: 9 cm.

Remarks

Ethnic group: Maranaw
Location: Central-west Mindanao (muslim south)

cither chordophonecither chordophone

Similar instruments are played by:
- Tiruray, South-west Mindanao
- Manobo, Agusan, East Mindanao; Takumbo)
- Isneg, Northern Luzon


   source: www.kipas.nl
Sludoy
   Sludoy
          Chordophone

Sludoy

Group: T'boli

Bamboo cither

Bamboo cither

Bamboo cither

Bamboo cither

The sludoy, turned 90 degrees for each picture
Photographs copyright: F. de Jager

Bamboo cither

A T'boli woman plays the sludoy, the woman in the background plays a hegelung.
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Bamboo cither: chordophone, idiochord

Description

Tube cither made of bamboo; five strings cut from the tube; the tube is cut open with one full length crack and held together by bamboo strips at both ends. In this way the tube forms the resonating body of the instrument. Usually a piece of dried leaf is placed in the top end of the tube of which the fucntion is not clear.

Dimensions: length: 80 cm., diameter 11,5 cm.

Remarks

Ethnic group: T'boli
Location: South east Mindanao

Bamboo citherBamboo cither

Similar instruments are played by:
- B'laan, SE Mindanao; salurai, sludai
- Manobo, Agusan, Mindanao;Tanko
- Manobo, Bukidnon, East Mindanao
- Tiruray, West Mindanao;togo
- Negrito, Luzon
- Hanunoo, Mindoro
- Kalingga, North Luzon; kolitong
-
Ilongot, North Luzon; kolesing


   source: www.kipas.nl
Afiw
   Afiw
          Idiophone

Afiw

Group: Bontoc

idiophones
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Idiophone, jaw harp

Description

Made of brass; the instrument is held horizontally with the metal tongue in front of the opened mouth. The left end is either hit by the thumb of the right hand or plucked (see photograph below). This makes the metal tongue vibrate which causes a sound. The mouth serves as a resonator and by changing the shape and size of the mouth opening, the overtones can be changed, thus creating a melody. By strongly breathing in or out the volume can be changed as well.

The string is made of wool.

Dimensions: length: 11,5 cm., width: 1,3 cm.

idiophones

The Afiw is held before the opened mouth
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager - Courtesy Philippine Council for Living Traditions

Remarks

Ethnic group: Bontoc
Location: North Luzon (Cordillera)

idiophonesidiophones

Similar instruments, mostly made of bamboo, are played all over the Philippines. We mention:
- Hanunoo, Mindoro; kinaban
- Atta, SE Mindanao; kubing
-
Maranao, Central-west Mindanao (muslim south), kubing
- Manobo, SE Mindanao; kumbing


   source: www.kipas.nl
Agung
   Agung
          Idiophone

Agung

Group: Maranao

agung

Front view

agung

Side view
Photographs copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Idiophone, bossed gong

Description

Gong with boss, made of iron. The gong is part of the Kulintang ensemble

Dimensions: diameter: 45 cm. depth: 21 cm.

 

Remarks

Ethnic group: Maranao
Location: West Central Mindanao (muslim south)

agungagung


Similar instruments in various sizes and depths are played by practically all muslim and non-muslim groups in Mindanao (not in Luzon).

agung
Among non-muslim groups in SE Mindanao
the agung is played as a solo instrument.
The sound is damped by the knee of the player
(Kalagan, Mount Tandawanan)
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager

agungagung



Gangsa/Agung/Kulintang

Gangsa (960 x 632)
-Ginagamit ng mga taong Igorot sa  Kalinga, Ifugao, Bontoc at Apayao ng Luzon at pati ng mga tribung Maranao sa Midanao

-"Gangsa"  ang tawag dito ng mga tribu sa Bontoc. "Agung" o "kulintang" naman sa mga Maranao

-Ang instrumentong ay pinupukpok ng isang patpat

-Ito ay yari sa metal.
Sulibaw
   Sulibaw
          Idiophone

Sulibaw

Sulibao (960 × 632)
-Ginagamit ng mga taong Ibaloi na mga Igorot sa  Kalinga.

-Ang instrumentong ito ay tinutugtog nang nakapatong sa kandungan ng manunugtog


-Ito ay hudis apa (cone)
Balingbing
   Balingbing
          Idiophone

Balingbing

Group: Kalingga

Balingbing
Photograph, copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Idiophone, bamboo buzzer

Description

Bamboo tube, one side closed. Two tongues and a crack up to the node; hole. The instrument is played by beating one of the tongues against the arm or wrist; sound can be changed by closing and opening the hole. Usually played by at least seven individuals, each with one buzzer. Player play their own rythmic pattern, all patterns fit together ('interlocking'). Players can form long rows while dancing in an open space (such as a central meadow).

Dimensions: vary from 30 to 50 cm. depending on desired tonal height.

Balingbing
A group of women plays the balingbing
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager
Courtesy Philippine Council for Living Traditions

Remarks

Ethnic group: Kalingga
Location: North Luzon (Cordillera)

BalingbingBalingbing

Similar instruments are played by:
- Ibaloi, North Luzon; pakkung


   source: www.kipas.nl
Bangibang
   Bangibang
          Idiophone


Bangibang

Group: Ifugao

bangibang
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Idiophone, percussion bar

Description

Set of at least seven wooden bars made of hard wood. Each bar has its own pitch and is hit by the player with a short stick of hard wood. Players have one stick each and play their own rythmic pattern, which fall together ('interlocking').
See also: Balingbing.

Dimensions: length: 47,5 cm., height: 5 cm., diameter: 2,6 cm.


   source: www.kipas.nl
Gabbang
   Gabbang
          Idiophone

Gabbang

Group: Taosug

gabbang

Front view

gabbang

Top view

gabbang

The resonating case, decorated with floral motives

gabbang

The two beaters
Photographs copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Idiophone, xylophone

Description

Xylophone with 17 keys made of bamboo, separated by metal nails. The resonating case is dcorated with floral motives. At the sides are two mirrors.

The beaters are made of wood with a piece of tube rubber

Dimensions: length: 102 cm., width: 51 cm. height: 37 cm.

Remarks

The Gabbang can be played as a solo instrument. Sometimes a duo is formed with a 'biula', a local violin.

gabbang
A Taosug woman plays the gabbang.
Photograph: courtesy Dolf Heubers

Ethnic group: Taosug
Location: Jolo (muslim south)


   source: www.kipas.nl
Kinaban
   Kinaban
          Idiophone

Kinaban

Group: Hanunoo

Kinaban

Photograph copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Idiophone, jaw harp

Description

Made of bamboo; the instrument is held horizontally with the bamboo tongue in front of the opened mouth. The left end is hit by the thumb of the right hand. This makes the bamboo tongue vibrate which causes a sound. The mouth serves as a resonator and by changing the shape and size of the mouth opening, the overtones can be changed, thus creating a melody. By strongly breathing in or out the volume can be changed as well. For a picture of the instrument in use: see the Kubing from the Atta.

Dimensions: length: 14,9 cm., width: 0,8 cm.

Remarks

Ethnic group: Hanunoo
Location: Mindoro


   source: www.kipas.nl
Kubing
   Kubing
          Idiophone

Kubing

Group: Atta

kubing
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Idiophone, jaw harp

Description

Made of bamboo; Made of bamboo; the instrument is held horizontally with the bamboo tongue in front of the opened mouth. The left end is hit by the thumb of the right hand. This makes the bamboo tongue vibrate which causes a sound. The mouth serves as a resonator and by changing the shape and size of the mouth opening, the overtones can be changed, thus creating a melody. By strongly breathing in or out the volume can be changed as well.

Dimensions: length: 20,8 cm., width: 1 cm.

Remarks

Ethnic group: Atta
Location: SE Mindanao


   source: www.kipas.nl
Kulintang
   Kulintang
          Idiophone

Kulintang ensemble

Group: Maranao

kulintang

The complete ensemble

kulintang

Two gongs on the stand

kulintang

The head representing the mythical bird Sarimanok
Photographs copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Idiophones: gong chime and large gong
Membranophones: conical drum and cylindrical drum

Local names

Set of eight gongs: Kulintang
Large gong: Agung
Cylindrical drum: Gandang
Conical drum: Dadabuan

Description

Set of eight gongs made of bronze, on a wooden stand in the shape of a Sarimanok(mythical bird, divine messenger). Accompanied by one larger gong (here made of iron, but usually also made of bronze) and two drums. The eight small gongs differ in pitch but the height of the tone is not fixed and can differ per set. The number of large gongs can vary from one to several gongs of different pitch and size. The small gongs are struck with two sticks of appr. 30 cm. length and made of a soft kind of wood, probably of the papaya tree. The large gong is struck with a special beater. The conical drum is struck with a thin piece of bamboo of appr. 40 c.m. length. The cylindrical drum is struck with either the hands or two short wooden sticks.

To indicate the dimensions of the whole set, the length of the Sarimanok-shaped stand is 2,60 mtr, from head to tail. For other dimensions, see the pages of the other instruments of the ensemble (see above).

Remarks

The drums, the stand and the frame are all quite roughly made but elaborately decorated with colourfully painted wood carvings, called 'okiran'.

The stand for the large gong is a copy based on photographs of a stand used by a Maranaw cultural group. The stand was made for the exhibiton 'Ugnayan, music in the Philippines', in 1977 in the The Hague Municipal Museum and in 1978 in the Rotterdam Ethnographic Museum.

Ethnic group: Maranao
Location: Central-west Mindanao (muslim south)


   source: www.kipas.nl
Kumbing
   Kumbing
          Idiophone


Kumbing

Group: Manobo

kumbing
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Idiophone, jaw harp

Description

Made of bamboo; the instrument is held before the opened mouth with the cut out tongue in front of the mouth opening. The left end is hit by the right hand. This makes the metal tongue vibrate which causes a sound. The mouth serves as a resonator and by changing the shape and size of the mouth opening, the overtones can be changed, thus creating a melody. By strongly breathing in or out the volume can be changed as well.

Dimensions: length: 14,9 cm., width: 0,9 cm.

Remarks

Ethnic group: Manobo
Location: Central Mindanao

Kubing(960 × 632)

   source: www.kipas.nl
Palipal
   Palipal
          Idiophone

Palipal

Group: Ifugao

palipal

Side view

palipal

Top view
Photographs copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Idiophone, bamboo clapper

Description

Bamboo tube, one end open; cut open in the middle; upper part cut into two halves. The instrument is played by shaking: one half swings up and down and in the down swing hits the lower half. For playing technique: see Balingbing

Remarks

Ethnic group: Ifugao
Location: North Luzon (Cordillera)


   source: www.kipas.nl
Tagutok
   Tagutok
          Idiophone

Tagutok

Group: Maranaw

tagutok
tagutok
Photographs copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Idiophone

Description

Decorated bamboo scraper, length: 46 cm., diameter: 9 cm.

Remarks

Ethnic group: Maranaw
Location: Central-west Mindanao (muslim south)


   source: www.kipas.nl
Bunkaka Balingbing  Bilbil Tuganang/
   Tuganang
          Idiophone

Bunkaka/Balingbing/ Bilbil/Tuganang/

balingbing (325×200)Bunkaka Bilbil Bunkaka(960 × 632)
-Kilala ito na ginagamit ng mga taong Tingguian (o mga Itneg ng Abra), isang tribu ng mga Igorot sa bulubundukin ng Cordillera.

-Ang instrumentong "bunkaka" at "balingbing" ay mga tawag hango sa salitang Kalinga, at "bilbil" naman sa wikang Itneg ng mga Tingguianos.

-"Tuganang" naman ang tawag dito ng mga tribu sa Palawan.

-Ang isang dulo nito ay pinapalo sa palad upang mapatunog ito.

-Ito ay isang kawayan na kung saan ang isang dulo nito ay nakabuka. 
Tangunggu
   Tangunggu
          Idiophone

Tanggunggu

Group: Kalagan

Tanggunggu
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Gong chime: idiophones

Description
Set of eight small gongs made of iron, usually hanging on a rest of rope. The lower right gong is played as an ostinato while the melody is played on the other gongs, around the ostinato.
Local names

Set of eight gongs: Tanggunggu
Largest gong: Unsaranan (lit. mother)
The other gongs (rising in pitch): Bandilanan, Tubaganan, Litokanan
The highest gong: Tulus
The ostinato: Patawaganan
Beater: Tinkulai

Tanggunggu
The small Tanggunggu (Kalagan, Mount Tandawanan, SE Mindanao)
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager

Remarks

Ethnic groups: Kalagan, B'laan, Manuvu, Bagobo, a.o.
Location: South east Mindanao

There is also a set of five to fifteen large gongs, played in the same way, sometimes with two players, one player for the ostinato and one for the melody.

Tanggunggu
The large Tanggunggu, (Kaloagan,
Mount Tandawanan, SE Mindanao)
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager


   source: www.kipas.nl
Tongkaling
   Tongkaling
          Idiophone

Tongkaling

Group: B'laan

Tongkaling
A Tongkaling with a particular design

Tongkaling
Tongkaling, bronze bells, on a dance girdle

Classification

Idiophones, pellet bells or crotal bells

Description

Brass bells, used as an amulet or as a musical instrument. In the picture fourteen brass bells are fixed to a metal girdle. Nine of these bells have a particular design (a tiger's face). The girdle with tongkaling is used during the performance of a dance around a logdrum (the 'udul; 'u' pronounced as in 'enough') on which the woman with the two beaters plays a steady rhythm and the dancer plays complex syncopic rhythms interlocking with the sound of the two beaters.

Tongkaling

Photo copyright: F. de Jager, courtesy Philippine
Council for Living Traditions

For an extensive report on these bells with a tiger's face and their use, see the website on tiger bells.

Local names

Tongkaling: larger brass pellet bells
Gurung-gurung: smaller brass pellet bells

Remarks

Ethnic group: B'laan
Location: SE Mindanao


   source: www.kipas.nl
Dadabuan
   Dadabuan
          Membrano-phone

Dadabuan

Group: Maranao

Dadabuan
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Membranophone, hour glass shaped drum

Description

Hour glass shaped drum made of wood; the membrane is made of carabao skin. Decorated with carvings and painted. The drum is part of the Kulintang ensemble.

Dimensions: height: 59 cm. diameter (membrane): 19 cm.

Remarks

Ethnic group: Maranao
Location: West central Mindanao (muslim south)


   source: www.kipas.nl
Gandang
   Gandang
          Membrano-phone

Gandang

Group: Maranao

Gandang
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager

Classification

Membranophone, double headed cylindrical drum

Description

Cylindrical drum, made of wood with a membrane made of carabo skin on each side. Decorated with 'okiran' motives and painted. The drum is part of the Kulintang ensemble.

Dimensions: height: 34 cm., diameter: 17 cm.

Remarks

Ethnic group: Maranao
Location: West central Mindabao (muslim south)


   source: www.kipas.nl



*Idiophones [Pinupukpok] = percussion instruments

Lumilikha ito ng tunog kapag pinupukpok, kinakalog, hinahampas o hinahataw (sounds are created when these instruments are battered, shakened, hit or smashed).
Ang pagdagundong nito ay nalilikha kahit na walang mga tali gaya ng sa gitara (vibrations are created even when there are no strings--such as strings in guitars--that are included or attached in the instrument).

**Aerophones [Hinihipan]= wind instruments


***Chondophones [May Kwerdas]= String intruments